A septic tank is an underground chamber that plays a crucial role in the wastewater treatment process for homes. It acts as a primary treatment system that separates solids from liquids. It allows the breakdown of organic matter through a natural process.
Septic tank is located underground that cleans up dirty water. It uses good bacteria to break down the waste into smaller parts. Then the cleaned water can safely soak into the ground. These tanks are usually made of fiberglass, plastic, or concrete. The following septic tank diagram will help you understand it in detail.
Usage of Septic Tanks
Septic tanks are a basic way to clean up wastewater at home and are used for basic treatment only. As you can see in the septic tank diagram it’s a good option to consider for homes that don’t have a proper sewer system or drainage problems.
They are helpful in keeping the wastewater from polluting the environment. Moreover, they are primarily used in rural areas where there’s no connection to a public sewer system. However, they’re just the underground tanks that take wastewater from homes.
Structure of the Septic Tank
Referring to the diagram of a septic tank is mainly an assembly of an underground tank and a drain field.
Working of Septic Tank
Inlet Pipe
Wastewater from the home enters the septic tank through an inlet pipe.
Separation
Inside the tank, the wastewater separates into three layers:
- Scum: A top layer of oils and grease that floats.
- Middle Layer: Wastewater containing suspended solids.
- Sludge: A bottom layer of heavier solids.
Outlet Pipe
If you see the above-mentioned septic system diagram the pre-treated wastewater flows from the tank through an outlet pipe, also known as a drain field. This pipe then moves the wastewater into the soil, where it is filtered and absorbed.
Bacterial Breakdown
Bacteria within the tank naturally break down solid waste. This helps to separate liquids and solids. However, we can’t compare the treated water from a septic tank to a municipal sewage treatment plant.
The Role of Bacteria
A key factor in the breakdown of organic matter within a septic tank is the presence of anaerobic bacteria. These bacteria live in environments with limited oxygen and work to break down the sludge and scum into simpler compounds. Refer to the above-mentioned septic drain field diagram to better understand the working of the bacteria.
Schematic diagram of septic tank:
Common Septic Tank Problems and Maintenance
While they are relatively low-maintenance systems, they also require regular inspections and maintenance of septic tanks to keep up proper functioning. Some common problems are:
- Sludge buildup
Excessive sludge buildup can reduce the capacity of the tank and interfere with the treatment process.
- Scum buildup
A thick scum layer can disrupt the proper flow of wastewater through the tank.
- Pump failure
The septic tank pump, if present, can malfunction and disrupt the system’s operation.
- Infiltration
If the tank is located in an area with high groundwater levels, infiltration can occur.
Regular Maintenance Practices for Septic Tanks
Periodic maintenance is essential to ensure the proper functioning of a septic tank. This includes pumping out the sludge that accumulates at the bottom of the tank.
- Pumping
Periodic pumping of the tank to remove accumulated sludge and scum.
- Inspection
Regular inspections to identify any signs of problems or damage.
- Water Conservation
Reducing water usage to prolong the life of the tank.
- Avoidance of Harmful Substances
You need to avoid substances, such as chemicals and grease, as they can harm the bacteria in the tank and disrupt the treatment process.
Conclusion
A septic tank is an essential component of wastewater treatment for homes that have problems with sewer systems or drainage. By understanding the basic structure and functionality of a septic tank, you can ensure its proper maintenance and life. In case of any issues, you can contact us to have expert services